In 1893, Colorado was the first state to amend an existing constitution in order to grant women the right to vote, and several other states followed, including Utah and Idaho in 1896, Washington State in 1910, California in 1911, Oregon, Kansas, and Arizona in 1912, Alaska and Illinois in 1913, Montana and Nevada in 1914, New York in 1917 Michigan, South Dakota, and Oklahoma in 1918. Thus Wyoming was also the first full state to grant women the right to vote. In 1889, when the Wyoming constitution was drafted in preparation for statehood, it included women's suffrage. Women were granted the right to vote in Wyoming in 1869, before the territory had become a full state in the union. But in the preceding decades, several states had passed laws supporting women's suffrage. The graph of voter turnout percentages shows a dramatic decline in turnout over the first two decades of the twentieth century, ending in 1920 when the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution granted women the right to vote across the United States. Most significantly, however, 11% of female non-voters in the survey cited a "Disbelief in woman's voting" as the reason they did not vote. 63%)." The study compared reasons given by male and female non-voters and found that female non-voters were more likely to cite general indifference to politics and ignorance or timidity regarding elections than male non-voters, and that female voter were less likely to cite fear of loss of business or wages. 75%) and the 1923 mayoral contest (35% vs. For example, a 1924 study of voter turnout in Chicago found that "female Chicagoans were far less likely to have visited the polls on Election Day than were men in both the 1920 presidential election (46% vs. There was no systematic collection of voter turnout data by gender at a national level before 1964, but smaller local studies indicate a low turnout among female voters in the years following women's suffrage in the United States. The disenfranchisement of most African Americans and many poor whites in the South during the years 1890–1910 likely contributed to the decline in overall voter turnout percentages during those years visible in the chart below. While this historic expansion of rights resulted in significant increases in the eligible voting population and may have contributed to the increases in the proportion of votes cast for president as a percentage of the total population during the 1870s, there does not seem to have been a significant long-term increase in the percentage of eligible voters who turn out for the poll. The passage of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1870 gave African American men the right to vote. Held in Baltimore, Maryland, September 26–28, 1831, it transformed the process by which political parties select their presidential and vice-presidential candidates. Prior to the presidential election of 1832, the Anti-Masonic Party conducted the nation's first presidential nominating convention. Īnother innovative strategy for increasing voter participation and input followed. Tax-paying qualifications remained in only five states by 1860 – Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, Delaware and North Carolina. Voter turnout soared during the 1830s, reaching about 80% of the adult male population in the 1840 presidential election. These parties systematically sought out potential voters and brought them to the polls. ![]() He had to be pulled to the polls, which became the most important role of the local parties. The fact that a man was now legally allowed to vote did not necessarily mean he routinely voted. However, free black men lost voting rights in several states during this period. In Rhode Island, the Dorr Rebellion of the 1840s demonstrated that the demand for equal suffrage was broad and strong, although the subsequent reform included a significant property requirement for any resident born outside of the United States. The process was peaceful and widely supported, except in Rhode Island. No new states had property qualifications, although three had adopted tax-paying qualifications – Ohio, Louisiana and Mississippi, of which only in Louisiana were these significant and long-lasting. Older states with property restrictions dropped them, namely all but Rhode Island, Virginia and North Carolina by the mid-1820s. ![]() ![]() The gradual expansion of the right to vote from only property-owning men to including all white men over 21 was an important movement in the period from 1800 to 1830. Early 19th century: Universal white male suffrage This chart represents the number of votes cast as a percentage of the total population, and does not compare either of those quantities with the percentage of the population that was eligible to vote. The black line is the total turnout, while colored lines reflect votes for major parties. presidential election popular vote totals as a percentage of the total U.S.
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